Automatic Milking reflects the knowledge on automatic milking generated all over the world in the last few years. Its contents can therefore be regarded as the present state of knowledge in the field of automatic milking, for a better understanding.

Contents

Overview

Automatic milking: State of the art in Europe and North America

Socio-Economic Aspects

• Milk in the news
• Socio-economic aspects of automatic milking
• Motivations of Dutch farmers to invest in an automatic milking system or a conventional milking parlour
• Economic efficiency of automatic milking systems with specific emphasis on increases in milk production
• The economic implications of automatic milking: a simulation analysis for Belgium, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands
• Energy consumption on farms with an AM-system
• Evaluation of the AM-system adopting and using farmers - In case study of Japanese dairy farms
• Expectations of automatic milking and the realized socio-economic effects

Farm and System Hygiene

• Farm hygiene and teat cleaning requirements in automatic milking
• The cleaning of automatic milking systems
• Investigation of different cleaning frequencies in automatic milking systems
• Induction of milk ejection during teat cleaning in robotic milking systems
• Evaluating cleanliness of udders with an image processing system
• Different locations of instant cooling in the automatic milking system and the effect on milk quality
• Teat cleaning efficiency before milking in DeLaval VMS™ versus conventional manual cleaning
• Cleaning effects of teat cleaning in robotic milking systems by use of poppy seed as tracer
• Cobalt as a tracer for estimation of residues in milk after application of automatic teat cleaning systems
• Assessment of teats cleaning system efficiency of a milking robot

Animal Health

• Impact of automatic milking on animal health
• Effects of automatic milking on body condition score and fertility of dairy cows
• Changes in teat condition in Dutch herds converting from conventional to automated milking
• Cow factors related to the increase of somatic cell count after introduction of automatic milking
• The influence of an automatic milking system on claw health and lameness of dairy cows
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Effects on teat tissues, intramammary infection risk, and spread of contagious pathogens
• Blind quarters in automatic milking systems - causes and consequences
• Changes in cow locomotion in uk herds converting from conventional to automated milking
• A study of the effect of lameness on voluntary milking frequency of dairy cows milked automatically
• Influence of an automatic milking system (VMS®) on milk secretory activity of healthy and diseased udder quarters
• Risk factors for teat end callosity in dairy farms operating with automatic milking systems (AMS)
• Introduction of AMS in Italian herds: udder symmetry, teat thickness and health in an automatic milking system
• Effects of milking interval on teat condition and milking performance with whole-udder take off
• Milk leakage in automatic and conventional milking systems
• Impact of teat dip composition on teat condition and udder health
• Animal health of herds converting to automatic milking system
• Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: factors involved and repeatability
• Study on the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows in an automatic milking system versus a conventional milking system

Abnormal Milk

• Detection and separation of abnormal milk in automatic milking systems
• Impact of automatic milking on excretion of antibiotic residues
• Selection of cows for treatment of udder infections in AMS herds
• Influence of varying milking intervals on milk composition - a physiological approach on secretion of “normal milk”
• Cost of discarding milk with automatic separation of abnormal milk
• The use of spectral photometry for detection of mastitis milk
• An on-line somatic cell count sensor
• Seeing red: automated detection of blood in milk
• Detection of tissue damages caused by milking machines using conductivity measurement
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: The detection of clinical and subclinical mastitis by AMS systems
• Detection of mastitis and poor milk quality in automatic milking
• Proteolysis of milk protein from uninfected glands and glands infected with Streptococcus uberis
• Composition of milk clots
• A method to detect flakes and clots in milk in automatic milking systems
• Making sense of in-line sensing for milk conductivity
• Electrical conductivity of milk as an indicator trait for mastitis
• The change of milk quality during lactations
• Impedance based sensor for mastitis detection in milk
• Detection of abnormal udder tissue and milk by near infra-red spectroscopy (cow side)

Grazing

• Automatic milking and grazing
• Integrating Automatic Milking Installations (AMIs) into Grazing Systems - Lessons from Australia
• Automatic dairy farming in New Zealand using extensive grazing systems
• Two case studies on farms combining automatic milking with grazing - time budgets, synchronisation of behaviour and visits to the robot
• The influence of three grazing systems on AMS performance
• How pasturing influences the use of AMS - A survey among 15 dairy farms in The Netherlands
• Seven case studies about automatic milking and grazing in private herds
• Combining automatic milking and grazing. Practice in The Netherlands
• Is automatic milking possible with a 100% pasture diet?
• An individual cow-calling system to motivate cows to return from the pasture to the milking unit

Milk Quality

• Milk quality on farms with an automatic milking system
• Quarter milking - a possibility for detection of udder quarters with elevated SCC
• Pattern of somatic cell count in milk under automatic milking conditions (VMS) and interactions with milk constituents 16 Automatic milking – A better understanding
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Effects on cow performances and milk quality in a herd of the Grana Padano area
• Robotic milking and free fatty acids
• Impact of size distribution of milk fat globules on milk quality affected by pumping
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Preliminary observations on milk fat parameters for long ripening cheese production with primiparous dairy cows
• Towards specification in-line monitoring primary milk production
• Comparison of several methods for quantification of free fatty acid in bovine milk
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: A new system for the evaluation of milk fat globule size as affected by automatic milking
• Milking with robots: the Swedish experience
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Long ripened cheese production from robotic milking
• Effects of an automatic milking system (VMS®) on free fatty acids (FFA) in different milk fractions
• Survey of milk quality on United States dairy farms utilizing automatic milking systems
• Milk iodine residues: AMS versus conventional

Welfare

• Implications of automatic milking on animal welfare
• A welfare assessment report as a decision support tool in an AMS herd: Practical experiences
• Relationships between time budgets, cortisol metabolite concentrations and dominance values of cows milked in a robotic system and a herringbone parlour
• Assessment of welfare of dairy cows milked in different automatic milking systems (AMS)
• Assessment of animal welfare in an AMS herd: Expert evaluation of a decision support system
• Automatic milking and grazing in dairy cattle: effects on behaviour
• Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Welfare assessment based on metabolic and endocrine responses in primiparous dairy cows
• Indicators of stress in Simmental and Brown Swiss cows during milking in a robotic system compared to a herringbone parlour
• Effects on feed intake, milking frequency and milk yield of dairy cows of semi-forced or free cow traffic in AMS
• Behavior of high- and low-ranked dairy cows after redirection in selection gates in an automatic milking system
• Image analysis for monitoring unrest or discomfort of cows during milking
• Clinical examinations in welfare assessment in herds operating with an automatic milking system (AMS)
• Measuring welfare in dairy cows - behavioural aspects
• Improved animal welfare in AMS?
• Measuring welfare in dairy cows - health aspects
• Introduction of AMS in Italian herds: effects on animal behaviour

Farm and Herd Management

• Demands and opportunities for operational management support
• Udder cistern evaluation to help the decision making process of assigning the appropriate milking frequency in automatically milked cows
• Effects of milking machine parameters on the mean milk flow rate in a robotic milking system
• Considerations at establishment of automatic milking systems in existing herd facilities
• Integration of cow activity in individual management systems: Analysis of individual feeding patterns in automatic milking systems
• Illumination or guiding light during night hours in the resting area of AM-barns
• System capacity of single box AMS and effect on the milk performance
• Udder stimulation without milking decreases milk production at the following milking but has no further consequences on milk production
• The impact of milking interval regularity on milk production
• Change of udder conformation traits by lactations in a Holstein Friesian herd
• Managing the change to automatic milking
• Transfer of data from management systems to central databases
• Effects of milking frequency and lactation stage on milk yield and milk composition of test day records in robotic milking
• Introduction of AMS in Italian herds: Integration and performances in a conventional barn of North Italy
• Working time studies in farms with conventional and automatic milking
• Managing an automatic milking farm: Minimizing the amount of concentrates in the robot
• Influence of incomplete milkings on milk yield under automatic milking conditions (VMS®)
• Influence of cow traffic on milking and animal behaviour in a robotic milking system
• Effect of a simplification in the entrance and exit procedure for a multiple stall robotic milking system on the cow’s time budget for milking
• The difference between the setting and the actual milking time in an automatic milking system
• The effects of diet composition and feeding system on cow activity and voluntary milking in an AMS
• Optimization of feed speed in automatic milking system
• Analysis of teat cup attachment under practical conditions
• Diurnal changes of oxytocin release during automatic milking
• Eating and resting behavior of cows in bedded pack type loose housing with an automatic milking system
• Automatic milking systems - System performance and working time
• Electricity and water consumption by milking
• Survey of automatic milking systems management practices in North America
• A protocol for training a dairy herd for automatic milking
• Effect of the composition of concentrate fed in the milking box, on milking frequency and voluntary attendance in automatic milking systems
• The effect of housing on implementation of automatic milking in Israel
• The effect of milking interval on milk yield and milk composition
• A study of practical use of automatic milking system in Japan
• Strategies to improve the capacity of an automatic milking system
• The changeover from conventional to automatic milking in dairy cows with and without previous experience

Index

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