by Stanley S. Grossel
Deflagration and Detonation Flame Arresters fosters effective application and operation of DDFAs through treatment of their principles of operation, selection, installation, and maintenance methods.
Deflagration and Detonation Flame Arresters covers a broad range of issues concerning DDAs, including:
- An overview of deflagration and detonation prevention and protection practices
- An overview of combustion and flame propagation and how DDAs halt propagation
- Deflagration and detonation flame arrester technology
- Installation in process systems
- Regulations, codes, and standards
- Illustrative examples, calculations, and guidelines for DDA selection
- Appendices, including a glossary, a flame arrester specification sheet for vendor quotation, and a listing of flame arrester manufacturers.
Contents:
- Introduction
- Intended Audience
- Why This Book Was Written
- What Is Covered in This Book
- What the Reader Should Learn From This Book
- Units of Measure
- History and State-of-the Art
- Historical Development of Flame Arresters
- Case Histories of Successful and Unsuccessful Applications of Flame Arresters
- Evolution of Standards and Codes
- Safety Concerns and Environmental Regulations: Tradeoffs and Conflicts
- Overview of Deflagration and Detonation Prevention and Protection Practices
- Deflagration and Detonation Flame Arresters
- Deflagration Venting
- Oxidant Concentration Reduction
- Combustible Concentration Reduction
- Deflagration Suppression
- Deflagration Pressure Containment
- Equipment and Piping Isolation
- Overview of Combustion and Flame Propagation Phenomena Related to DDAs
- Introduction to the Chemistry and Physics of Flame Propagation
- Dynamic of Flame Propagation
- Ignition and Quenching
- Theoretical Basis for Flame Arrester Design and Operation
- Deflagration and Detonation Flame Arrester Technology
- Where Flame Arresters May Be Needed
- Types of Flame Arresters
- Selection and Design Criteria/Considerations
- Special Applications
- Information That Should Be Provided to Manufacturers
- Installation in Process Systems
- Design Considerations with Respect to Other System Components
- Piping and Flame Arrester System Design Considerations
- Maintaining Reliability
- Optimum Location in System
- Supports for Static and Dynamic Forces
- Inspection and Maintenance of Flame Arresters
- Need and Importance of Maintenance
- Mechanical Integrity Issues
- Training and Competence Issues for Operating and Maintenance Personnel
- On-Stream Isolation and Switching of Parallel Spares
- Check List for Inspection
- Regulations, Codes, and Standards
- Regulations, Codes, and Standards Summaries
- Comparison of Various Flame Arrester Standards and Codes
- Standards and Codes in Preparation
- Illustrative Examples, Calculations, and Guidelines for DDA Selection
- Example 1-Protective Measures for a Vent Manifold System
- Example 2-Sizing of an End-of-Line Deflagration Flame Arrester
- Example 3-Calculation of Limiting Oxidant Concentration (LOC)
- Example 4-Calculation of the LFL and UFL of Mixtures
- Example 5-Calculation of the MESG of Mixtures
- Determination If a DDT Can Occur
- Typical Locations in Process Systems
- List of Steps in the Selection of a DDA or Other Flame Propagation Control Method
- Summary
- Status of DDA Technology
- Recommended Practices
- Why Flame Arresters Fail
- Future Technology Development
Index
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