Handbook of Retinal Screening in Diabetes describes the essential components of a retinopathy screening programme.

Features:

• Includes the criteria for referral to an ophthalmologist, drawing upon the experience of the Newcastle system over the last two decades and the National Screening Committee Report upon Eye screening
• Features a new set of 50 digital colour photographs, showing the normal retina and problems associated with diabetes, with explanatory text

Contents

Type 1 Diabetes

• What causes type 1 diabetes
• Who gets type 1 diabetes
• How does it present
• Essentials of management
• Insulin
• Food
• Hypoglycaemia
• Ketoacidosis
• Living with type 1 diabetes
• Blood glucose testing
• Complications

Type 2 Diabetes

• What causes type 2 diabetes
• Who gets type 2 diabetes
• How does it present
• Management
• Eating
• Physical activity
• Tablets
• Insulin
• Living with type 2 diabetes
• Blood glucose and urine testing

The Eye in Diabetes

• Structure of the normal eye
• The retina
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Other diabetes-associated changes in the eye

The Need to Screen

• Is blindness preventable
• Can the progression of retinopathy be slowed
• Detecting asymptomatic retinopathy
• The five principles of retinal screening
• Quality assurance
• History of the development of retinal screening by photography-based systems in the UK

Practical Screening

• Important first steps
• Measuring visual acuity
• Interpretation of visual acuity measurement
• Instilling eye drops
• Tropicamide
• Other eye drops
• Obtaining the image
• Examining the image
• Disc
• Vessels
• Retina
• Explaining the results of screening
• Organization of a district screening system
• Links with your ophthalmologist

Normal Retinal Appearances

• Light reflection artefact
• Light reflection artefact
• Tortuous vessels
• Tiger striping
• Tiger striping
• Myelinated fibres
• Myopic crescent
• Pigmented image
• Asteroid hyalosis
• Choroidal circulation
• Eyelash artefact

Background Retinopathy

• What is background retinopathy
• Lesions

Severe Non-proliferative (‘Pre-proliferative’) Retinopathy

• Severe non-proliferative retinopathy

Maculopathy

• What is maculopathy
• Management of maculopathy
• Blood pressure control
• Blood glucose control
• Referral to ophthalmologist
• Severe retinopathy close to the macula
• Widespread exudates
• Large plaque exudates
• Linear exudates close to the fovea
• Plaque exudates near the fovea
• Circinate exudates within the arcades
• Widespread exudates with circinates
• Coalescent exudates in the macula region

Proliferative Retinopathy

• What is proliferative retinopathy
• New vessels on the disc
• New vessels on the retina
• Old pan-retinal laser scars
• Pan-retinal laser scars

Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease

• Early fibrosis
• Fibrosis
• Fibro-vascular membrane
• Pre-retinal haemorrhage
• Severe exudative maculopathy
• Pre-retinal haemorrhage and persisting new vessel formation
• Fibrous band and heavy laser scars

Non-diabetic Eye Disease

• What other diseases are common
• Other eye diseases
• Glaucoma
• Conjunctivitis
• Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage
• Uveitis
• Drusen
• Atrophic chorioretinital scars
• Old chorioretinitis
• Papilloedema
• Papilloedema
• Pigment epithelial hypertrophy
• Cholesterol embolus
• Branch retinal vein occlusion
• Branch retinal artery occlusion
• Glaucomatous disc
• Macular hole

Index

click here to see books • videos • cd-roms of related interest