by E. Smulders

Laundry Detergents provides a comprehensive survey of the parameters involved in textile washing, in particular the action of detergents. The physical and chemical principles of the washing process are described, as well as the composition, production and action of household and industrial detergents.

Furthermore, products and processes in use not only in Europe but also in Japan and the USA are surveyed. A special chapter is devoted to modern methods of detergent analysis.

Throughout the book particular emphasis is laid on ecological and toxicological aspects. A discussion of the economic importance of detergents and relevant information about textile types and washing machines complete the book.

Not only is this publication intended for specialists in industry and academia, Laundry Detergents will also give environmental consultants, journalists and other interested readers insight into the complex field of laundry detergents.

Contents

1. Historical Review

2. Physical Chemistry of the Washing Process
   • Influence of the Water
   • Types of Soil
   • The Soil Removal Process
   • Further Processes

3. Detergent Ingredients
   • Surfactants
   • Builders
   • Bleaches
   • Further Detergents Ingredients

4. Household Laundry Products
   • Heavy Duty Detergents
   • Specialty Detergents
   • Laundry Aids

5. Industrial and Institutional Detergents

6. Production of Powder Detergents
   • Technology Overview
   • Manufacturing Processes
   • Densification Processes

7. Raw Materials
   • Anionic Surfactants
   • Nonionic Surfactants
   • Builders
   • Peroxygen Bleaches
   • Enzymes

8. Analysis of the Composition
   • Detergent Ingredients
   • Purposes of Detergent Analysis
   • Sample Preparation
   • Analytical Methods
   • Sources of Information

9. Test Methods for Laundry Detergents
   • Laboratory Methods
   • Practical Evaluation
   • Consumer Tests

10. Economic Aspects
    • Detergent Components
    • Laundry Detergents
    • Fabric Softeners

11. Ecology
    • Laundry, Waste Water and the Environment
    • Contribution of Laundry to the Sewage Load
    • Detergent Laws
    • General Criteria for the Ecological Evaluation of Detergent Chemicals
    • Ecological Characterization of Main Detergent Ingredients

12. Toxicology
    • Detergent Ingredients
    • Finished Detergents

13. Textiles

14. Washing Machines and Wash Programs (Cycles)
    • Household Washing Machines
    • Laundry Dryers
    • Washing Machines for Institutional Use

Index

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