Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter

by J. Barrie Billingsley

The result of 20 years of research at MIT Lincoln Lab, this book is of the most significant technological consequence for the industry. It actually solves the problem of low angle radar land clutter by showing the reader how to design and predict the performance of radars that operate in situations where land clutter prevalent.

Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter is comprehensive in addressing the topic, containing many interrelated results, each important in its own right. It unifies and integrates all the results so as to create a comprehensive, innovative, and unequaled work.

The results of this book directly enable the reader to predict land clutter effects in surface radar. Modern military aircraft deliberately fly low to hide their presence from radars that are also dealing with land clutter. Depending on the terrain, the performance of the radar varies greatly from very good to very poor.

Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter helps radar engineers provide accurate assessments of ground clutter, thus bringing their ability to detect and operate against low flying aircraft to a much higher and much more consistent level.

Contents

1. Overview
   • Historical Review
   • Clutter Measurements at Lincoln Laboratory
   • Clutter Prediction at Lincoln Laboratory
   • Scope of Book
   • Organization of Book

2. Preliminary X-Band Clutter Measurements
   • Phase Zero Clutter Measurements
   • The Nature of Low-Angle Clutter
   • X-Band Clutter Spatial Amplitude Statistics

3. Repeat Sector Clutter Measurements
   • Multifrequency Clutter Measurements
   • Fundamental Effects in Low-Angle Clutter
   • Mean Land Clutter Strength versus Frequency by Terrain Type
   • Dependencies of Mean Land Clutter Strength with Radar Parameters
   • Higher Moments and Percentiles in Measured Land Clutter Spatial Amplitude Distributions
   • Effects of Weather and Season

4. Approaches to Clutter Modeling
   • An Interim Angle-Specific Clutter Model
   • Non-Angle-Specific Modeling Considerations
   • Terrain Visibility and Clutter Occurrence
   • Discrete versus Distributed Clutter
   • Temporal Statistics, Spectra and Correlation

5. Multifrequency Land Clutter Modeling Information
   • Derivation of Clutter Modeling Information
   • Land Clutter Coefficients for General Terrain
   • Land Clutter Coefficients for Specific Terrain Types
   • PPI Clutter Map Simulation

6. Windblown Clutter Spectral Measurements
   • Exponential Windblown Clutter Spectral Model
   • Measurement Basis for Exponential Clutter Spectral Model
   • Use of Exponential Clutter Spectral Model
   • Impact on MTI and STAP
   • Historical Review

Glossary
Appendix
Index

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