Second Edition
by Robert Bill
Medical Mathematics and Dosage Calculations for Veterinary Professionals is an updated and revised version of the essential pocket-size reference for using math in the veterinary setting.
Covering a range of topics from math fundamentals to drug prescription and dosing information, the book provides step-by-step instructions for calculating dosages, drip rates, concentrations, and other drug administration information.
Contents
1. Self-Assessment
- Self-Assessment Exercise
- Self-Assessment Exercise Answers
2. Review of Decimal Numbers in Medical Math
- Relative Values
- Reading Decimal Numbers Aloud
- The Rules for the Use of Zero in Decimal Numbers
- Comparing Decimals – Determining Which Number Is Larger at a Glance
- Scientific Notation for Decimal Numbers
- Tips for Adding and Subtracting Decimals
3. Fractions as They Apply to Medical Math
- Numerators and Denominators
- The Larger the Denominator, the Smaller the Piece (and the Smaller the Number Value)
- Improper Fractions, Proper Fractions, and Mixed Numbers
- Understanding and Using Equivalent Fractions
- Simplifying or Reducing Fractions
- Adding Fractions
- Finding the Common Denominator for More Complex Fractions
- Subtraction of Fractions
- Addition of Mixed Numbers
- Subtraction of Mixed Numbers
- Multiplication of Improper Fractions
- Multiplication of Whole Numbers and Fractions
- Multiplication of Mixed Numbers
- A Shortcut for Multiplying Fractions
- The Reciprocal: What Is It and How Do We Use It?
- Division of Fractions
- Division of Mixed Numbers
- Rounding Decimal Fractions and Fractions
4. Percentages
- Conversion of Percentages to Fractions
- Conversion of Percentages to Decimal Numbers
- Conversion of Fractions to Percentages
- Finding the Percentage of a Whole
- Subtracting or Adding the Percentage of the Whole
- Determining Percentages Represented by the Fractional Component
5. Solving for the Unknown Value X
- Analyzing the Problem and Setting Up the Equation
- Moving the Values from One Side of the Equation to the Other
- Moving Negative Numbers or a Negative Unknown X Used in a Subtraction Problem
- Finding the Unknown X in a Multiplication Problem
- Multiplication Problems Using Fractions and Mixed Numbers
- What to Do When the Unknown X Is in the Denominator in the Problem
- Finding the Unknown X in a Division Problem
- Unknown X Problems Involving Division of Fractions
6. Dosage Calculation and Measurements Used in Veterinary Medicine
- Different Units, Same Measurements
- The Basic Units of the Metric System
- Metric Units of Weight or Mass
- Metric Units of Volume
- Metric Units of Length
- Combination of Metric Units to Describe Density or Concentrations
- Common Units
- Conversions between Common Household Measurements
- The Common Equivalents
- Setting Up a Problem to Convert from One Unit to Another
- The Cancel-Out Method
7. Understanding Drug Orders and Drug Labels
- The Dose, Dosage, and Dose Range
- The Route of Administration
- The Dose Interval
- The Dose Form
- Best Practices for Writing Drug Orders
- Handling Unclear Drug Orders
- The Drug Name
- Concentration of Drug in the Dose Form
- Dose Formulation and Number of Dose Form Units
- Approved Use for the Drug
- Controlled Substances and Prescription Labeling
- United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) Label Designations
- Hazard Warnings on the Label
- Storage Information on the Label
- Expiration Dates
8. Dose Calculation and Syringe Measurements
- Converting the Animal’s Weight into the Units Needed to Calculate the Dose
- Types of Dosages Listed
- Putting It All Together – Determining the Dose for the Patient
- Proportion Method (Liquid)
- Cancel-Out Method (Liquid)
- Proportion Method (Tablets)
- Cancel-Out Method (Tablets)
- What to Do When Tablet Doses Don’t Come Out Even
- Dispensing Multiple Units of Drug Form
- Proportion Method
- Cancel-Out Method
- Here Is the Most Common Mistake Students Make When Calculating Total Tablets Dispensed
- Types of Syringes Used in Veterinary Medicine
- Syringe Units of Measurement
- Measuring the Amount of Liquid in a Syringe
9. Calculating Intravenous Infusions
- Types of IV Administration Sets Used in Veterinary Medicine
- Determining the Fluid Rate Delivered through an IV Administration Set
- Setting the Flow Rate Using the Drip Chamber Rate
- Determining the Total Volume Delivered over Time
- Converting Total Infusion Time to the 12- and 24-Hour Clock Stop Time
10. Ratios, Proportions, Dilutions, and Other Calculation Used by Veterinary Professinals
- Making Serial Dilutions.
- Diluting for Specific Solutions with Specific Volumes
- Compounding to Create Percentage Solutions
- Diluting Percentage Solutions
- Writing Roman Numerals
- Reading Roman Numerals
Index
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