Normal and Therapeutic Nutrition provides the background for nutritional decision making in dietary planning for all age groups in states of health or illness.
Normal and Therapeutic Nutrition integrates nutritional principles with psychiatric, cultural, and economic factors in meal selection.
Also furnishes guidelines for education, dietary counseling, and community service.
Contents
Food, Nutrition, and Health: An Introduction
- The Meaning of Food, Nutrition, and Nutritional Care
- Dietary Trends in the United States
- Nutritional Problems in the United States
- Global Problems in Nutrition
- Achieving Nutritional Balance
- Some Objectives in the Study of Nutrition
Introduction to the Study of the Nutritive Processes: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism
- Body Structures
- Utilization of Food
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Metabolism
Dietary Guides and Their Uses
- Recommended Dietary Allowances
- Controversial Issues
- Other Standards
- A Daily Food Guide
- Dietary Guidelines
Proteins and Amino Acids
- Composition, Structure, and Classification
- Important Issues
- Functions
- Digestion and Absorption
- Metabolism
- Dietary Protein Requirements and Allowances
- Quality of Food Proteins
- Food Sources of Protein
- Effects of Protein Excess or Deficiency
Carbohydrates
- Current Issues
- Compostition and Synthesis
- Classification, Distribution, and Characteristics
- Functions
- Digestion and Absorption
- Metabolism
- Carbohydrate in the Diet
- Dietrary Fibers
- Issues Related to Carbohydrate Intake
- Alcohol
Lipids
- Controversial Issues
- Composition, Classification, and Characteristics
- Functions
- Digestion and Absorption
- Metabolism
- Fat in the Diet
- Dietary Fat and Health Issues
Energy Metabolism
- Energy Transformation
- Measurement: Units, Calorimetry, and Fuel Factors
- Measurement of Energy Exchange of the Body
- Factors Influencing the Total Energy Requirements
- Energy Allowances
- Problems Related to Energy Intake
Mineral Elements
- Important Issues
- Basic Concepts
- Calcium
- Phophorus
- Magnesium
- Sulfur
- Trace Elements or Micronutrients
- Iron
- Anemias and Iron Deficiency
- Iodine
- Zinc
- Copper
- Fluorine
- Other Trace Elements
- Case Study 1: Young Boy with Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
- Important Issues
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Choloride
- Role of the Kidney
- Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
- Acid-Base Balance
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Introduction to the Study of Vitamins
- Selection of Foods for Vitamin Contents
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
The Water-Soluble Vitamins: Ascorbic Acid
The Water-Soluble Vitamins: The Vitamin-B Complex
- Thiamin
- Riboflavin
- Niacin (Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide)
- Vitamin B-6
- Pantothenic Acid
- Biotin
- Vitamin B-12
- Folacin (Folic Acid)
- Other Factors
Food Selection and Meal Planning for Nutrition and Economy
- Characteristics of Food Groups
- Vegetable—Fruit Group
- Bread—Cereal Group
- Milk Group
- Meat Group
- Fats, Sweets, and Alcohol Group
- Meal Planning and Budgeting
- Essentials of Meal Planning
- Planning the Food Budget
- Master Food Plans
Factors Influencing Food Intake and Food Habits
- Physiologic Factors That Determine Food Intake
- Environmental and Behavioral Factors Influencing Food Acceptance
Cultural Food Patterns in the United States
- Regional Food Patterns in the United States
- Vegetarian Diets
- Orthodox Jewish Food Patterns
- Food Patterns of Native Americans
- Black American Food Patterns
- Puerto Rican Food Patterns
- Mexican-American Food Patterns
- Food Patterns of the Vietnamese
- Dietary Patterns of the Middle East—Armenia, Greece, Syria, Turkey
- Dietary Patterns of the Chinese
- Nutritional Concerns About Some American Food Patterns
- Case Study 2: High School Student on a Vegetarian Diet
Safeguarding the Food Supply
- Illness Caused by Food
- Food Safety—a Consumer Concern
- Preservation of Foods
- Food Additives
- Case Study 3: Children's Picnic Ends with Salmonella Outbreak
Controls for the Safety and Nutritive Value of the Food Supply
- Public Concerns About Food
- The Need for Food Laws
- Law Enforcement and Specific Regulations
- The Food Label
- Food Fortification and Fabrication
- Nutrition Labeling
Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation
- Important Concerns
- Physiologic and Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy
- Assessment and Nutritional Status During Pregnancy
- Nutritional Considerations
- Dietary Counseling
- Complications of Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Dietary Counseling
- Oral Contraceptives
- Case Study 4: Pregnant Adolescent
Nutrition During Infancy
- Changing Feeding Patterns and Current Issues
- Growth and Development
- Nutritional Assessment
- Nutritional Requirements
- Breast Feeding
- Bottle Feeding
- Solid Foods
- Feeding Problems and Nutritional Issues
- Counseling the Mother
- Nutritional for Low-Birth-Weight Infants
- Counseling the Mother
- Nutrition for Low-Birth-Weight Infants
- Case Study 5: Infant from Birth to Six Months
Nutrition for Children and Teenagers
- Nutritional Issues and Problems
- Growth and Development
- Nutritional Status of Children
- Dietaru Allowances
- Food Behavior
- Diet for the Preschool Child
- Diet for the School Child
- Diet for the Teenager
- Community Resources
- Nutrition Issues and Problems
- Case Study 6: Preschool Girl with Obesity
Nutrition for Older Adults
- Concerns Related to Nutritional Care
- Who Are the Elderly?
- Physiologic and Biochemical Changes
- Factors Influencing Food Habits
- Dietary Management
- Community Resources for Nutrition
- Nutrition-Related Health Problems
- Osteoporsis
- Other Health Problems
- Medications
- Nutrition for Clients in Nursing Homes
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 7: Elderly Man with Depression
Nutrition Assessment and Dietary Counseling
- Assessment of Nutritional Status
- Anthropometric Measurements
- Clinical Findings
- Laboratory Studies
- Dietary Assessment
- Dietary Counseling
- Clients and Counselors
- Steps in the Counseling Process
Nutritional Problems and Programs in the Community
- Focus on Public Health Nutrition
- Issues Pertaining to Public Health Nutrition
- Malutrition —A Worldwide Health Nutriton
- Scope of Malnutrition
- Factors Contributing to Malnutrition
- Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
- Community Nutrition Services for Prevention and Intervention
- National Food and Nutrition Policy
- Nutrition Education
- Nutritional Services
- Helping People with Low Income
- International Agencies for Nutrition
- Increasing the World Food Supply
- Case Study 8: A Teenage Mother Needs Assistance in Meal Managment
Physical Fitness, Exercise, and Weight Control: Calorie-Restricted Diets
- Physical Fitness
- Nutrition for Athletes
- Importance of Weight Control
- Evaluation of Weight Status and Body Composition
- Obesity
- Prevention of Obesity
- Treatment of Obesity
- Dietary Counseling
- Eating Disorders
- Underweight
- Case Study 9: Obese Adolescent Female
Comprehensive Nutritional Services for Patients
- Introduction to Therapeutic Nutrition
- Effect of Illness on Food Acceptance and Utilization
- Interpersonal Relationship with the Patient
- Nutritionl Assessmtent of the Hospitalized Patient
- Anthropometric Measurements
- Biochemical Studies
- Immune Competency
- Nutritional Intervention
- Documentation of Nutritional Care
- Feeding the Patient
- Comperhensive Care Services
- Physical Handicaps, Rehabilitation, and Nutrition
- Nutrition for the Mentally Ill
- Case Study 10: Elderly Man with Cerebrovascular Accident
Food, Nutrient, and Drug
- Effects of Drugs on Nutrition
- Effects of Food on Drug Utilization
- Alcohol
Enteral and Parental Nutrition: Normal, Fiber-Restricted (Soft) and Fluid Diets; Formula Diets: Central and Peripheral Parental Nutrition
- Adaptions of the Normal Diet for Texture
- Formula Diets
- Parenteral Nutrition
- Case Study 11: Elderly Woman with Gastrostomy
Diet in Diseases of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum
- Diagnostic Tests in Gastrointestinal Disease
- General Dietary Considerations in Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Disorders of the Esophagus and Stomach
- Peptic Ulcer
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 12: Career Woman with Duodenal Ulcer
Diet in Disturbances of the Small Intestine and Colon: High-Fiber Diet
- Alterations in Bowel Motility
- Inflammatory Disease of the Mucosa
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 13: Man with Diverticulosis
- Case Study 14: College Student with Ulcerative Colitis and an Ileostomy —Short-Term Use of Total Parental Nutrition
Malabsorption Syndrome: Medium-chain-Triglyceride Diet; Lactose- Restricted Diet; Sucrose-Restricted Diet; Gluten-Restricted Diet
- General Characteristics and Treatment
- Dietary Counseling
- Abnormalities in the Intestinal Lumen
- Abnormalities in Mucosal Cell Transport—Specific Disorders
- Dietary Counseling
- Abnormalities in Mucosal Cell Transport—Nonspecific Disorders
- Dietary Counseling
- Abnormalities of Intestinal Lymphatics
- Case Study 15: Baby with Gluten Enteropathy
Diet in Disturbances of the Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas: High-Protein, High-Carbohydrate, Moderate-Fat Diet; Fat-Restricted Diet
- Disease of the Liver—General Considerations
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatic Coma
- Disease of the Gallbladder
- Dietary Counseling
- Pancreatic Disorders
- Case Study 16: Alcoholic with Laennec's Cirrhosis
Immunity, Stress, and Infections: High-Protein Diet: High-Protein Fluid Diet
- Immunity
- Physiologic Stress
- Infections
- Fevers
- Dietary Counseling
- Protein Deficiency
- Dietary Counseling
Nutrition in Surgical Conditions: High-Protein, High-Fat, Low-Carbohydrate Diet
- The Surgical Patient—General Considerations
- Diet in Specified Surgical Conditions
- The Trauma Patient
- Case Study 17: Salesman with Gastrectomy and Dumping Syndrome
- Case Study 18: Car Accident Victim with Severe Burns
Nutrition for the Cancer Patient
- Role of Dietary Factors in Cancer Incidence
- Metabolic Effects of Cancer
- Nutritional Effects of Cancer Therapy
- Nutritional Considerations
- Hospice Care
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 19: Woman with Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach
Diabetes Mellitus
- The Nature of Diabetes
- Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus
- Dietary Counseling
- Acute Complications of Diabetes
- Chronic Complications of Diabetes
- Special Situations
- Case Study 20: Woman with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Various Metabolic Disorders: Purine-Restricted Diet
- Hypoglycemia
- Dietary Counseling for Postprandial Hypoglicemia
- Adrenocortical Insufficiency
- Dietary Counseling
- Metabolic Effects of Adrenocortical Therapy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Dietary Counseling
- Hypothyroidism
- Joint Diseases
- Dietary Counseling
- Gout
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 21: Young Adult with Suspected Hypoglycemia
Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis: Fat-Modified Diets in Three Phases; Diets for Hyperlipoproteinemias
- Cardiovascular Disease, A Major Public Health Problem
- Coronary Disease and the Role of Diet
- Fat-Modified Diets
- Hyperlipoproteinemias
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 22: Business Executive at High Risk with Type IIa Hyperlipoproteinemia
Dietary Management of Acute and Chronic Diseases of the Heart: Sodium-Restricted Diet
- Diseases of the Heart
- Hypertension
- Dietary Counseling
- Sodium-Restricted Diets
- Dietary Counseling
- Case Study 23: Woman with Congestive Heart Failure
- Case Study 24: Man with Hypertension and Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia
Diseases in the Kidney: Controlled Protein, Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorus Diet; Calcium-Restricted Diet
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Chronic Glomerulonephritis
- Nephorotic Syndrome
- Nephrosclerosis
- Renal Failure
- Dialysis
- General Dietary Considerations in Chronic Renal Failure
- Controlled Protein, Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorus Diet
- Dietary Counseling
- Hypokalemia
- Urinary Calculi
- Case Study 25: Woman with Chronic Renal Failure (Chinese)
Diet in Allergic and Skin Disturbances: Elimination Diet
- Food Allergies
- Dietary Counseling
- Diseases of the Skin
- Case Study 26: Pregnant Woman with Milk and Egg Allergy
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Phenylketonuria
- Dietary Counseling
- Tyrosinemia
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Homocystinuria
- Leucine-Induced Hypoglycemi
- Galactosemia
- Gereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Wilson's Disease
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- Case Study 27: Preschool Boy with Phenylketonuria
Nutrition in Children's Diseases
- Nutrition for the Sick Child
- Dietary Counseling
- Gastrointestinal Diseases in Infants and Children
- Diabetes
- Dietary Counseling
- Renal Diseases
- Nephrotic Snydrome
- Chronic Renal Insufficiency
- Epilepsy
- Feeding Handicapped Children
- Case Study 28: Ten-year-old Boy with Diabetes Mellitus (Puerto Rican)
Computer Applications in Clinical Nutrition
- Microcomputers
- Computer Use in Nutritional Assesment
- Computer Use in Diet Counseling
- Other Computer Applications
- Computer-Assisted Instruction
- Computer Interfaces
Appendices
- Tables
- Food, Nutrition, and Drug Interactions
- A Form for a Dietary History and Nutritional Assessment
Index
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