Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers is the most comprehensive reference on the existing and experimental methods available in the field.

Features:

• Provides thorough and complete coverage of chemical enhancement methods, describing a broad spectrum of chemical enhancers being researched today
• Includes coverage of research techniques and new methodologies in the field
• Explores developments in every chemical family assessed for penetration activity and the broader spectra of drug analogs in each family
• Highlights analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration enhancement
• Describes the latest techniques by which drugs can be physically forced through the skin
• Introduces the innovative concepts in retardation of drug and chemical absorption through the skin

Contents

Introduction

• Penetration Enhancer Classification
• Structure-Activity Relationship of Chemical Penetration Enhancers
• Quantitative Structure-Enhancement Relationship and the Microenvironment of the Enhancer Site of Action
• The Role of Prodrugs in Penetration Enhancement

Vehicle Effects in Penetration Enhancement

• Penetration Enhancement by Skin Hydration
• Enhancement of Delivery with Transdermal Sprays
• Hydrogel Vehicles for Hydrophilic Compounds
• Enhanced Skin Permeation Using Ethosomes
• Microemulsions in Topical Drug Delivery
• Nanoparticles as Carriers for Enhanced Skin Penetration
• Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery
• Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids
• Essential Oils and Terpenes

Physical Methods of Penetration Enhancement

• Iontophoresis: Clinical Applications and Future Challenges
• Electroporation
• Vesicles under Voltage

Assessment of Penetration Enhancement

• Mechanistic Studies of Permeation Enhancers
• Penetration Enhancer Assessment by Corneoxenometry
• Assessment of Vehicle Effects by Skin Stripping
• The Use of Skin Alternatives for Testing Percutaneous Penetration
• High Throughput Screening of Transdermal Penetration Enhancers: Opportunities, Methods, and Applications
• Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy: An Excellent Tool for Tracking Compounds in the Skin

The Retardation of Percutaneous Penetration

• Fundamentals of Retarding Penetration
• Retardation Strategies for Sunscreen Agents
• Military Perspectives in Chemical Penetration Retardation

Commercial Applications of Penetration Enhancers

• Preclinical and Clinical Development of a Penetration Enhancer SEPA 0009

Index

click here to see books • videos • cd-roms of related interest