This book is a one of a kind comprehensive guide to the durable, economical piping solutions used today in 90 percent of low-pressure liquid and natural gas installations.

Inside of Plastic Piping Handbook you will find hundreds of pages of clear, practical guidance to help you:

• Apply plastic piping for greater reliability, durability, and economy in gas and liquid systems
• Design systems for municipal, industrial, commercial, residential, and field use
• Find solutions quickly with easy-to-read charts, tables, and diagrams
• Exploit hydraulic and engineering principles, and plastic pipe characteristics for best performance
• Follow step-by-step procedures for above ground and buried pipe design
• Choose and apply pipes, control valves, and regulators
• Adhere to codes and standards
• Handle construction operations
• Install pipelines
• Inspect and test
• Purge and dry plastic piping
• Detect leaks
• Maximize long-term and short-term economic advantages

Contents

1. General Information
   • History of Plastic Pipe Materials
   • Common Applications
   • Definitions and Abbreviations
   • Acronyms and Abbreviations
   • Plastic Piping Codes and Standards

2. Plastic Piping Characteristics
   • Advantages and Limitations of Plastic Piping
   • Thermoplastic Piping Materials
   • Plastic Piping Components

3. Fluid Flow
   • General Liquid Flow
   • Energy Principle
   • Energy Equation
   • Hydraulic and Energy Grades
   • Pipe Sizing
   • Energy Losses in Pipes
   • Pressure Flow of Liquids
   • Water Hammer/Pressure Surge
   • Compressible Gas Flow
   • Gas Laws
   • Gas Pipeline Hydraulics

4. General Design Procedures
   • Design Methodology
   • Process Flow Diagram
   • Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
   • Design Bases and Service Conditions
   • Loading Conditions and Sustained Loads
   • Piping Layout
   • Computer Aided Drafting and Design
   • Preliminary Design Data
   • Pipeline Life Requirements
   • Flow Requirements
   • Installation Considerations
   • Design Considerations for Plastic Piping Systems
   • Piping Support and Burial
   • General Design Considerations
   • System Flow Requirements
   • Pressure Loss in Fittings
   • Gravity Flow
   • Sliplining Flow Capacity
   • Gas Flow
   • Life Expectancy
   • Positive Pressure Pipelines
   • Cyclic Overpressure
   • Longitudinal Stress from Internal Pressure
   • Thermal Expansion and Contraction
   • Supported, Overland, and Buried Pipelines
   • Transition Connections
   • Design of Collar
   • Design Considerations for Various Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
   • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
   • Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
   • Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
   • Polyethylene (PE)

5. Above Ground Pipe Design
   • Receiving Materials
   • General Above-Ground Recommendations
   • Support Spacing and Hangers
   • Polyethylene Pipe
   • Expansion, Ultraviolet Effects, and Durability
   • External Damage
   • Installing PE Pipe on Grade
   • Anchored Pipe Runs
   • Installing PE Pipe Above Grade
   • Following Instructions

6. Buried Pipe Design
   • Preliminary Work
   • Digging and the Bed
   • Placing Pipe and Thermal Contraction
   • Avoiding Bending and Stress and Thrust Blocks
   • Vertical Pipe Sections
   • Plowing and Backfilling
   • General Design Procedure
   • Dead and Prism Loads
   • Arching
   • Marston Load
   • Soil Creep
   • Surcharged Loads
   • Wall Compressive Strength
   • Shallow Cover and Groundwater
   • Manholes
   • Designing for a Water Environment
   • Unconstrained Buckling
   • Different Types of Pipes

7. Pipe Handling and Construction
   • PVC Pipe
   • Solvent Welded Joints
   • Gasket Joints
   • Trench Installation
   • Polyethylene Pipe
   • Pipe-Joining Procedures
   • Electrofusion
   • CPVC Plastic Pipe

8. Horizontal Directional Drilling
   • Advantages of HDD
   • Applications
   • HDD Process
   • Bore Installation
   • Drilling and Steering
   • Tracking
   • Drilling Fluids
   • HDD Considerations
   • Feasibility
   • Subsurface Soil Material
   • Design Factors
   • General Guidelines
   • HDD Site Characterization
   • Site Survey
   • Geotechnical Factors
   • Soil Type Classification
   • Surface Working Space
   • Drilled Path Design
   • Construction Monitoring
   • Drilled Path
   • Pilot Hole
   • HDD Performance
   • Downhole Survey Calculations
   • Average Angle Method
   • Balanced Tangential Method
   • Minimum Curvature Method
   • Radius of Curvature Calculations
   • Pipe Installation
   • HDD Stresses and Forces
   • HDD Design Considerations for Plastic Pipe
   • Pull Back Force
   • Frictional Drag Resistance
   • Capstan Force
   • Guidelines and Specifications for Installation by HDD Technology
   • Contract Considerations
   • Contractor Proposal/Bid and Construction Plan
   • Drilling Fluids Management Plan, Previous Experience, and Safety
   • Contingency Plans, Communication Plan, and List of Subcontractors
   • Other Considerations, Site Evaluation, Pre-Construction
   • Drilling Operations
   • Equipment Setup and Site Layout
   • Drilling and Back-Reaming
   • Segment Jointing (Butt-Fusion/Welding), Tie-Ins and Connections
   • Alignment and Minimum Separation
   • Break-Away Pulling Head
   • Drilling Fluid-Collection and Disposal Practices
   • Site Restoration and Post Construction Evaluation

9. Chemical Resistance for Plastics and Elastomers

10. Sliplining Sewers
    • Preparation
    • Blockages
    • Installation
    • Grouting
    • Connections
    • Backfilling
    • Cost Effectiveness

11. Testing
    • Low-Pressure Test
    • High-Pressure Test
    • Underground Piping
    • Test Caps
    • Above Ground Tests

12. Protecting Public Safety Through Excavation Damage Prevention
    • Overview of Subsurface Infrastructure, Regulatory, and Legislative Initiatives
    • Subsurface Infrastructure
    • Regulatory and Legislative Initiatives
    • Damage Prevention Practices
    • Mandatory Participation
    • One-Call Notification System
    • Function and Structure of the Centers
    • Methods of Operations
    • Excavation Notification Tickets
    • Effective Sanctions
    • Excavation Marking
    • Employee Qualifications and Training
    • Accuracy of Information Regarding Buried Facilities
    • Underground Detection Technologies
    • Vertical/Depth Location
    • Directional Boring/Trenchless Technology
    • Mapping
    • Subsurface Utility Engineering
    • System Performance Measures
    • Risk Exposure
    • Accident Reporting Requirements of RSPA
    • Accident Causes

13. Brittle-Like Cracking in Plastic Pipe for Gas Service
    • Introduction
    • Investigation
    • Accident History
    • Strength Ratings, Ductility, and Material Standards for Plastic Piping
    • Century Pipe Evaluation and History
    • Installation Standards and Practices
    • Gas System Performance Monitoring

Appendices

1. Specifications for Materials and Construction for a Natural Gas System
2. Transportation of Natural or Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards
3. Plastic Piping Systems Components
4. Plastic Pipe Fittings

Glossary
Index

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