Soil and Water Contamination deals with all topics essential to understanding and predicting contaminant patterns in soil, groundwater, and surface water and contributes to the formation of a solid basis for adequate management and control of soil and water pollution and integrated catchment.
Features:
- Introduces the fundamentals of environmental pollution, environmental chemistry, and basic physical and chemical properties
- Covers the natural and anthropogenic sources of nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic pollutants
- Discusses the processes of transport, exchange, and transformation
Contents
General Introduction
- Environmental Pollution
- Environmental Pollutants
- Ecological Impacts
- Spatial and Temporal Variability and the Concept of Scale
- Outline and Rationale of this Book
Basic Environmental Chemistry
- Units of Analysis
- Activity
- Background Thermodynamics
- Phases and Phase Transitions
- Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics
- Dissolution-Precipitation Reactions
- Complexation
- Acid-Base Reactions
- Redox Reactions
Environmental Compartments
- Soil
- Groundwater
- Surface Water
Solid Phase Constituents
- Inorganic Components
- Organic Components
- Sorption by Soils and Sediments
Major Dissolved Phase Constituents
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Iron
- Manganese
- Aluminium
- Chloride
- Inorganic Carbon
- Sulphate and Sulphide
Nutrients
Heavy Metals
- Zinc
- Copper
- Lead
- Cadmium
- Nickel
- Chromium
- Mercury
- Arsenic
Radionuclides
- Natural Radionuclides
- Man-Made Radionuclides
Organic Pollutants
- Mineral Oil and Derivatives
- Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
- Dioxins
Systems and Models
- A Systems Approach
- The Role of Mathematical Models
- Classification of Mathematical Models
Substance Transport
- Mass Balance
- Advection
- Diffusion and Dispersion
- Multi-Fluid Flow
Sediment Transport and Deposition
- Transport Equation
- Bottom Shear Stress
- Sediment Deposition
- Sediment Erosion
- Long-Term Soil Erosion and Deposition
Chemical Transformation
- Sorption Equilibrium and Kinetics
- Biological Production and Degradation
Gas Exchange
- Henry's Law
- Thin Film Model
- Reaeration
- Gas Exchange Controlled on the Water Side
- Gas Exchange Controlled on the Air Side
- Gas Exchange in the Subsurface Environment
Model Calibration and Validation
- Model Performance Criteria
- Considerations of Model Choice
Patterns in the Soil and Vadose Zone
- Variation due to Clay and Organic Matter Content
- Lateral Variation
- Vertical Variation
Patterns in Groundwater
- Hydrological Systems Analysis
- Hydrochemical Systems Analysis
- Effects of Lateral Variation in Contaminant Inputs
- Effects of Temporal Variation in Contaminant Inputs
- Effects of Dispersion
- Effects of Retardation
- Effects of Acid-Base Reactions
- Effects of Redox Reactions
Patterns in Surface Water
- Variation in River Water Composition
- Variation in Lake Water Composition
- Variation in Bed Sediment Composition
Index
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