The only reference to provide both current and thorough coverage of this important analytical technique!
Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice has long been the only reference to provide in-depth coverage of this method of analysis. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent developments and practices, and also includes coverage of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge-and-trap technique.
Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice covers:
- Principles of static and dynamic headspace analysis, including the evolution of HS-GC methods and regulatory methods using static HS-GC
- Basic theory of headspace analysis—physicochemical relationships, sensitivity, and the principles of multiple headspace extraction
- HS-GC techniques—vials, cleaning, caps, sample volume, enrichment, and cryogenic techniques
- Sample handling
- Cryogenic HS-GC
- Method development in HS-GC
- Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis
- Determination of physicochemical functions such as vapor pressures, activity coefficients, and more!
Comprehensive and focused, Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography, Second Edition provides an excellent resource to help the reader achieve optimal chromatographic results. Practical examples with original data help readers to master determinations in a wide variety of areas, such as forensic, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Contents
General introduction
- Principles of headspace analysis
- Types of headspace analysis
- The evolution of the HS-GC methods
- Headspace -- gas chromatography literature
- Regulatory methods utilizing (static) HS-GC
Theoretical background of HS-GC and its applications
- Basic theory of headspace analysis
- Basic physicochemical relationships
- Headspace sensitivity
- Headspace linearity
- Duplicate analyses
- Multiple headspace extraction (MHE)
The technique of HS-GC
- Sample vials
- Caps
- Septa
- Thermostatting
- The fundamentals of headspace sampling systems
- Use of open-tubular (capillary) columns
- Enrichment techniques in HS-GC
- Special techniques with the balanced-pressure systems
- Reaction HS-GC
Sample handling in HS-GC
- Equilibration
- Solution approach
- Sample handling and sample introduction
- Preparation of standard solutions.
- Influence of the matrix
- Methods aiming the complete evaporation of the analyte
Headspace methods for quantitative analysis
- Internal normalization
- Internal standard method
- External standard method
- Standard addition method
- Multiple headspace extraction (MHE)
- Analysis of solid samples (adsorption systems)
- Calibration techniques with headspace samples of varying volumes
- Analysis of gas samples
Method development in HS-GC
- General guidelines
- Determination of the residual monomer content of polystyrene pellets
- Determination of residual solvents in a printed plastic film
- Determination of the volatile constituents of a cathodic electrolytic plating bath
Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis
Qualitative analysis by HS-GC
- The use of HS-GC in ‘fingerprinting’
- The use of headspace sampling in hyphenated systems
- The use of HS-GC in microbiology
Special measurements
- Determination of vapor pressures
- Determination of activity coefficients
- Determination of related physicochemical functions
- Determination of phase distribution (partition coefficient)
- Reaction constant measurements
- Determination of solute solubility by MHE
- Gas-solid systems
- Validation of the headspace instrumentation: investigation of detector linearity and detection limit
Index
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