Second Edition
edited by Luc A. Cynober

• Covers amino acids in artificial nutrition
• Provides up-to-date information, stimulating points of view, and selected ideas for future research
• Presents the information in well-organized format that avoids redundancies
• Includes contributions from internationally respected experts

The first edition of this innovative book brought a new perspective to the metabolic and therapeutic aspects of amino acids in clinical nutrition. Since its publication, a number of very important advances have been made in the field and interesting new findings have emerged. Until now, no reference has fully explored the promising new developments and applications in this key area of clinical nutrition.

Completely revised and updated, Metabolic and Therapeutic Aspects of Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Second Edition presents current information and discussions on amino acid metabolism in various health and nutritional states. Chapters cover amino acid uptake routes, physiology, requirements, metabolism, and applications. Written by an international group of experts, the text re-evaluates data and hypotheses in light of the most recent discoveries in genomics and proteomics research.

Building on the solid foundation of the original reference, the second edition refines much of the previous information and features the fresh insight and ideas of new authors. These timely additions on the role of amino acids in the future of human health and disease ensure that this book will continue to be a standard resource for researchers in this field.

Contents

1. Introduction to Amino Acid Metabolism
   • Measurement of amino acid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues using ion exchange chromatography
   • Measurement of amino acid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues using reversed-phase HPLC-based methods
   • Approaches to studying amino acid metabolism: from quantitative assays to flux assessment using stable isotopes
   • Cellular uptake of amino acids: systems and regulation

2. Physiology
   • Metabolism
     • Amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis, X. Leverve
     • Contribution of amino acids to ketogenesis, M. Holecek
     • Ureagenesis and ammoniagenesis: an update, A.J. Meijer
     • Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, A.J.M. Wagenmakers
     • The glutamate crossway, Y. Wakabayashi
     • Arginine metabolism in mammals, G. Wu and S.M. Morris Jr.
     • Glutamine metabolism
   • Control of and by amino acids
     • Insulin and the regulation of amino acid catabolism and protein turnover, J.P. De Bandt
     • Control of amino acid metabolism by counter-regulatory hormones, J. Wernerman
     • Nitric oxide, E.J. Mahoney and J.E. Albina
     • Control of amino acid metabolism by lipid, ketone bodies and glucose substrates, Y. Boirie, S. Walrand and B. Beaufrère
     • Amino acid signaling and the control of protein metabolism, A.J. Meijer and P. F. Dubbelhuis
     • The role of amino acids in the control of proteolysis, S. vom Dahl and D. Häussinger
     • Anabolic effects and signaling pathways triggered by amino acids in the liver, L. Hue and L. Bertrand
     • Amino acids and immune function, P. Calder and P. Yaqoob
     • Amino acid mediated insulin secretion

3. Amino Acid Metabolism in Disease
   • Cancer-associated cachexia: altered metabolism of protein and amino acids, M. Mackenzie and V.E. Baracos
   • Diabetes Mellitus, K. Dhatariya and K.S. Nair
   • Acidosis and Amino acid metabolism, T. Welbourne and I. Nissim
   • Muscle protein and amino acid metabolism with respect to age-related sarcopenia, S. Walrand and Y. Boirie
   • Gastrointestinal diseases, P.B. Soeters, K.W. Hussewe, N.E.P. Deutz, Y. Luiking, and C.H.C. Dejong
   • Amino acids and ammonia in liver disease

4. Amino acid requirements
   • Nutritional essentiality of amino acids and amino acid requirements in healthy adults, V.R . Young and J.F. Tharakan
   • Neonatal requirements for amino acids, D.K. Rassin
   • Amino acids requirements in the elderly, P. Patureau-Mirand, L. Mosoni, and D. Rémond
   • Amino acid requirements in sport

5. Amino Acid Supply in Diseases
   • Quantitative and qualitative aspects
     • Quantitative and qualitative amino acid intake by the parenteral route, G. Iapichino, D. Radrizzani and L.A. Cynober
     • Quantitative and qualitative aspects of nitrogen supply in enteral nutrition in relation to free amino acids and peptides, G.K. Grimble
     • Branched-chain amino and keto acids in renal failure, N. Cano
     • Glutamine supplemented diets in enteral nutrition, P.G. Boelens and P. van Leeuwen
     • The use of arginine in clinical practice, N.N. Abumrad and A. Barbul
     • Glutamine and glutamine-containing dipeptides, P. Fürst and P. Stehle
     • Ornithine a-ketoglutarate
   • Formulas devoted to specific situations
     • Amino acid support in patients with catabolic illness, N.M. Daignault, D.P. Griffith, T.V. Nattakom, and T.R. Ziegler
     • Sulfur containing amino acid and glutathione in diseases, C. Obled, I. Papet, and D. Breuillé
     • Amino acid requirement in cancer, M. Muscaritoli, F.R. Fanelli, M.M. Meguid, and A.C.L. Campos
     • Amino acid solutions for acute renal failure, C.J. Foulks
     • Amino acids to support gut function and morphology
   • Nutraceutics
     • L-Arginine-enriched diets in cardiovascular diseases, M. Collin and H. Vapaatalo
     • Taurine homeostasis and its importance for physiological functions

Index

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