Principles of Polymer Processing provides the complete panorama of polymer processing, starting with fundamental concepts through the latest current industry practices and future directions.

Features:

• Blend and alloy microstructuring
• Twin screw-based melting and chaotic mixing mechanisms
• Reactive processing
• Devolatilization—theory, mechanisms, and industrial practice
• Compounding—theory and industrial practice
• The increasingly important role of computational fluid mechanics
• A systematic approach to machine configuration design

Contents

History, Structural Formulation of the Field Through Elementary Steps, and Future Perspectives

• Current Polymer Processing Practice
• Analysis of Polymer Processing in Terms of Elementary Steps and Shaping Methods
• Future Perspectives: From Polymer Processing to Macromolecular Engineering

The Balance Equations and Newtonian Fluid Dynamics

• The Balance Equations
• Reynolds Transport Theorem
• The Macroscopic Mass Balance and the Equation of Continuity.
• The Macroscopic Linear Momentum Balance and the Equation of Motion
• The Stress Tensor
• The Rate of Strain Tensor
• Newtonian Fluids
• The Macroscopic Energy Balance and the Bernoulli and Thermal Energy Equations
• Mass Transport in Binary Mixtures and the Diffusion Equation
• Mathematical Modeling, Common Boundary Conditions, Common Simplifying Assumptions, and the Lubrication Approximation

Polymer Rheology and Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

• Rheological Behavior, Rheometry, and Rheological Material Functions of Polymer Melts
• Experimental Determination of the Viscosity and Normal Stress Difference Coefficients
• Polymer Melt Constitutive Equations Based on Continuum Mechanics
• Polymer Melt Constitutive Equations Based on Molecular Theories

The Handling and Transporting of Polymer Particulate Solids

• Some Unique Properties of Particulate Solids
• Agglomeration
• Pressure Distribution in Bins and Hoppers
• Flow and Flow Instabilities in Hoppers
• Compaction
• Flow in Closed Conduits
• Mechanical Displacement Flow
• Steady Mechanical Displacement Flow Aided by Drag
• Steady Drag-induced Flow in Straight Channels
• The Discrete Element Method

Melting

• Classification and Discussion of Melting Mechanisms
• Geometry, Boundary Conditions, and Physical Properties in Melting
• Conduction Melting without Melt Removal
• Moving Heat Sources
• Sintering
• Conduction Melting with Forced Melt Removal
• Drag-induced Melt Removal
• Pressure-induced Melt Removal
• Deformation Melting

Pressurization and Pumping

• Classification of Pressurization Methods
• Synthesis of Pumping Machines from Basic Principles
• The Single Screw Extruder Pump
• Knife and Roll Coating, Calenders, and Roll Mills
• The Normal Stress Pump
• The Co-rotating Disk Pump
• Positive Displacement Pumps
• Twin Screw Extruder Pumps

Mixing

• Basic Concepts and Mixing Mechanisms
• Mixing Equipment and Operations of Multicomponent and Multiphase Systems
• Distribution Functions
• Characterization of Mixtures
• Computational Analysis

Devolatilization

• Devolatilization Equipment
• Devolatilization Mechanisms
• Thermodynamic Considerations of Devolatilization
• Diffusivity of Low Molecular Weight Components in Molten Polymers
• Boiling Phenomena: Nucleation
• Boiling–Foaming Mechanisms of Polymeric Melts
• Ultrasound-enhanced Devolatilization
• Bubble Growth
• Bubble Dynamics and Mass Transfer in Shear Flow
• Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Polymer Melt Devolatilization

Single Rotor Machines

• Modeling of Processing Machines Using Elementary Steps
• The Single Screw Melt Extrusion Process
• The Single Screw Plasticating Extrusion Process
• The Co-rotating Disk Plasticating Processor

Twin Screw and Twin Rotor Processing Equipment

• Types of Twin Screw and Twin Rotor–based Machines
• Counterrotating Twin Screw and Twin Rotor Machines
• Co-rotating, Fully Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders

Reactive Polymer Processing and Compounding

• Classes of Polymer Chain Modification Reactions, Carried out in Reactive Polymer Processing Equipment
• Reactor Classification
• Mixing Considerations in Multicomponent Miscible Reactive Polymer Processing Systems
• Reactive Processing of Multicomponent Immiscible and Compatibilized Immiscible Polymer Systems
• Polymer Compounding

Die Forming

• Capillary Flow
• Elastic Effects in Capillary Flows
• Sheet Forming and Film Casting
• Tube, Blown Film, and Parison Forming
• Wire Coating
• Profile Extrusion

Molding

• Injection Molding
• Reactive Injection Molding
• Compression Molding

Stretch Shaping

• Fiber Spinning
• Film Blowing
• Blow Molding

Calendering

• The Calendering Process
• Mathematical Modeling of Calendering
• Analysis of Calendering Using FEM

Index

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